Other treatments

Patients may be referred not only to different hospitals within their country or region, but also sometimes to specialist centers in other countries, in order to gain access to the optimal management and treatment of their disease.

• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is used when a patient has relatively few secondary tumors (metastases). A needle is inserted into the center of the tumor and a current is applied to generate heat, which kills the tumor cells.
• Cryoblation is similar to RFA; a substance is inserted into the tumor, which it kills by freezing the cells.
• Percutaneous alcohol injection involves the injection of pure alcohol into cancer cells in the liver. It works by dehydrating the tumor cells.
• External beam radiotherapy

There are published guidelines for the management and treatment of NETs in USA and Europe.